The mortality rate is extremely high, and most of them are late after detection! If these situations occur, seek medical attention promptly

The cause of abdominal distension and diarrhea cannot be found, but it is advanced ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer has the characteristics of "two highs and one low", and there is currently no effective screening method

Ovarian cancer has long been a grossly underrated invisible killer. The mortality rate of ovarian cancer ranks first among gynecological malignant tumors, and the five-year survival rate of advanced ovarian cancer is only 39%, which is known as the "king of women's cancer". The cause of ovarian cancer is not clear, and there is currently no effective screening method. It has the characteristics of "two highs and one low": high fatality rate, high recurrence rate, and low early detection rate.

The reason why ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate is because ovarian cancer is not as early as cervical cancer. The early symptoms of ovarian cancer are not specific, the ovaries are in the pelvis, can not be seen and touched, 70% of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage.

Another characteristic of ovarian cancer is that it is particularly easy to metastasize, and the scope of metastasis is particularly wide. As the disease progresses, the primary tumor may grow on the ovaries, and the second stage has spread to the pelvis, involving the pelvic organs; The stage III tumor has run into the abdominal cavity; Stage IV tumors may have run outside the abdomen or even to the chest.

Endometriosis can progress to ovarian cancer

Some diseases are associated with ovarian cancer, such as endometriosis. Endometriosis is a very common gynaecological condition that affects about 10% of women of reproductive age in the world, nearly half of whom will become infertile or miscarry. Internal heterogeneity is mainly manifested as lower abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea, infertility, sexual discomfort, etc., which are closely related to the menstrual cycle, and about 25% of patients have no symptoms. Endometrial tissue may flow retrograde down the fallopian tubes into the pelvis during menstruation, which is thought to be one of the causes of endometriosis, so endometriosis lesions often involve the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic peritoneum.

In addition to the above common symptoms, studies have confirmed that endometriosis lesions have the ability to undergo malignant transformation, and the malignant transformation rate is 5%~10%. Endometriosis may progresse to atypical endometriosis and subsequently to ovarian cancer.

Family history is especially vigilant

People at high risk of ovarian cancer should be particularly vigilant, especially women with a family genetic history of ovarian tumors or malignancies.

Women over 50 years old, women who are infertile or infertile and have a history of endometriosis, women who have taken estrogen drugs alone for more than 10 years, and women who have mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes are also at high risk of ovarian cancer. In these people, in addition to regular ultrasound examination, they also need to be combined with tumor markers HE4 and CA125 to identify stage I/II ovarian cancer earlier. 　　The following symptoms need to be vigilant for ovarian cancer to find the door There are no specific symptoms in the early stage of ovarian cancer, and the following abnormalities need to be vigilant.

● Bloating

Bloating is a "red card" warning for ovarian cancer and is often the first symptom in ovarian cancer patients, which can occur before the lower abdominal mass is palpated. The reason is that the tumor itself compresses and pulls the surrounding ligaments in the abdominal cavity, and ovarian cancer is often accompanied by ascites, so that patients often have a feeling of bloating. Therefore, if there is unexplained abdominal distention (especially in menopause), a gynecological examination should be done promptly.

● Menstrual disorders 

Most people with ovarian cancer do not have menstrual changes. If the normal tissues of the ovaries are destroyed by cancer cells, hormone levels are changed, and the patient's general condition is not good, oligomenorrhagia or amenorrhea may occur. The pathological types of ovarian cancer are complex and changeable. Ovarian granulosoma secretes estrogen, which can cause precocious puberty, menstrual disorders, or postmenopausal vaginal bleeding due to excessive estrogen production. For example, support-stromal cell tumors can produce too many androgens, causing women to show signs of virilization.

● Abdominal pain and low back pain 

Ovarian cancer infiltrates the surrounding tissues, or adhesions with adjacent tissues, compressing nerves can cause abdominal pain, low back pain, generally from dull pain to dull pain, or even more severe pain.

● Edema of the lower extremities and vulva 

Ovarian cancer masses grow gradually in the pelvis, compressing the pelvic veins and affecting lymphatic return. Therefore, if the patient has edema of the lower limbs and vulva, it should be thought that ovarian cancer may be "at work".

● Unexplained wasting

The gradual enlargement of the ovarian mass, coupled with the formation of ascites, can mechanically compress the gastrointestinal tract, causing a decrease in food intake and indigestion. In addition, the growth and reproduction of cancer cells need to consume a lot of nutrients, making patients increasingly emaciated, anemia and fatigue, and pale.

Can ovarian cancer be prevented?

In terms of genetics, if the immediate family has ovarian, breast, endometrial or colorectal cancer, and it occurs multiple times in a family, you can go to a cancer specialist hospital for genetic counseling or related genetic testing to see if there are relevant gene mutations, such as breast cancer-associated oncogenes (BRCA genes) and Lynch genes (Lynch genes).

Secondly, for young infertile women, oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, and it is recommended to carry out regular gynecological physical examinations every year for the general population, including gynecological ultrasound, tumor marker detection (CA125 or HE4), etc., which can detect some occult lesions in advance and achieve early detection and early treatment.

Finally, developing good living habits, strengthening exercise, enhancing physical fitness, and improving immunity are also useful for preventing ovarian cancer.

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