What about children and adolescents with growth retardation? See the answer from this guide

　　In order to promote the improvement of the nutritional status of children and adolescents, further reduce the growth retardation rate, help children and adolescents develop healthy eating habits, and give full play to their growth potential, the General Office of the National Health Commission recently issued the "Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents with Growth Retardation (2023)".

　　The person in charge of the National Health and Health Commission introduced that the guidelines give full play to the advantages of modern nutrition and traditional Chinese and Western medicine, integrate the medicinal substances into a reasonable diet, improve the personalization and operability of dietary guidance, and help prevent and improve the growth retardation of children and adolescents.

　　The growth retardation of children and adolescents is still one of the current public health problems

　　It is clear in the guidelines that growth retardation refers to long-term malnutrition, which is caused by insufficient intake of protein or energy, vitamins, minerals and other reasons, resulting in height lower than the age-specific height threshold of screening criteria.

　　According to the Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Chinese Residents (2020), the growth retardation rate of children under 6 years old is 4.8%, and that of children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years old is 1.7%. The growth retardation rate of children and adolescents has been significantly different between urban and rural areas, which is about 2-3 times that of urban areas.

　　The guide points out that growth retardation affects the physical and intellectual development of children in adolescence, resulting in physical decline and poor learning performance. In severe cases, it is easy to suffer from diarrhea, pneumonia and other diseases, increasing the incidence rate and mortality of infectious diseases. In addition, it may affect their adult height, increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other chronic diseases, and reduce labor productivity. The growth retardation of children and adolescents is still one of the important public health problems that China is currently facing.

　　The relevant person in charge of the National Health Commission said that the development of the guide fully considered the current situation, development trend and influence factors of growth retardation of children and adolescents in China, put forward the principles and suggestions of food and nutrition, and listed the food recommendations, recipes and examples of food and nutrition options according to the characteristics of different syndrome types, different regions and different seasons, so that users can refer to and select according to the specific situation.

　　Regularly monitor the physical development of children and adolescents

　　Regular monitoring of physical development of children and adolescents is helpful to timely understand the dynamic changes of growth and development indicators of children and adolescents. The guidelines suggest that children and adolescents should be followed up dynamically and longitudinally for at least 6 months (preferably 12 months) according to their sex, age and nutritional status, and their growth status should be evaluated according to their growth rate or deviation from the growth curve, and the guidance plan should be adjusted in time.

　　At the same time, learn about the diet, exercise, sleep and psychological status of children and adolescents in detail, scientifically evaluate the individual dietary and nutritional status, develop personalized guidance programs based on the evaluation results, guide parents and children and adolescents to develop appropriate dietary plans, and avoid forced eating.

　　The guidelines suggest that children and adolescents with micronutrient deficiency should use nutrient supplements reasonably under the guidance of doctors or nutrition instructors when necessary. Children and adolescents with long-term growth and development is not ideal, the improvement effect is not obvious, or the growth retardation is caused by disease should go to the hospital for treatment.

　　The person in charge of the National Health and Health Commission said that the guide is mainly aimed at grass-roots health workers (including nutrition guidance personnel), parents and school doctors of children and adolescents aged 2 to 17. and provides food and nutrition guidance for the auxiliary prevention and improvement of growth retardation of children and adolescents, which cannot be replaced by medication.

　　Advocate the combination of regular sports and diet

　　The guide points out that proper physical activities can enhance appetite, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and improve digestive function; For children and adolescents in the critical period of growth and development, it can promote the growth and development of bones and muscles and contribute to height growth.

　　Adequate sleep is an important guarantee for physical activity and growth of children and adolescents. "If the stomach is discordant, you will be restless." Poor digestion will affect sleep, and then affect the secretion of growth hormone, resulting in short stature. Children and adolescents should be trained to form good sleep habits and ensure the time and quality of sleep.

　　In terms of food and nutrition, the guide recommends that food choices for children and adolescents with growth retardation should be comprehensive, balanced and diverse. Ensure three meals a day, regular and regular diet, and adequate intake of energy and nutrients. The meals of each meal shall include three or more kinds of food, such as cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, livestock and poultry, fish eggs, milk and soybeans. On the basis of reasonable diet, food and drug substances can be selected for different syndrome types.

　　"The food and medicine substances selected in the diet and nutrition prescription are both food and medicine articles published by the National Health and Health Commission." The relevant person in charge of the National Health and Health Commission said that the food and medicine substances with the functions of invigorating the spleen, appetizing the stomach, eliminating stagnation, and tonifying the kidney, such as malt, hawthorn, lotus seed, gorgon fruit, yam, and the corresponding diet and nutrition prescription can be selected according to the specific conditions of children and adolescents.

　　In particular, the guide points out that children and adolescents with growth retardation caused by non-disease reasons often involve picky food, partial food and other reasons. In the daily meal preparation process, we should pay attention to the exchange of similar foods, enrich food varieties, and pay attention to the color and variety of vegetables.

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