Key points of disease prevention and control knowledge after flood disaster

      After the flood disaster, due to the deterioration of drinking water and food hygiene, environmental pollution, the breeding of vector organisms, the increase of people's contact opportunities and the decline of their resistance, various infectious diseases, especially intestinal infectious diseases, insect borne and natural focus infectious diseases, infectious diseases in close contact, are prone to increase. It is very important to do a good job in the prevention and control of these diseases.

　　Intestinal infectious disease is a kind of disease in which pathogens invade the intestinal tract through the mouth and cause diarrhea and/or other organ and systemic infections.

　　The common intestinal infectious diseases in the disaster area mainly include bacterial diarrhea caused by bacteria such as dysentery, cholera, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, other bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Yersinia, viral diarrhea (rotavirus, calicivirus, intestinal adenovirus and astrovirus infectious diarrhea), and parasitic diarrhea (cryptosporidium, etc.).

　　Other intestinal infectious diseases also include hepatitis A, hepatitis E, hand foot mouth disease, etc.

　　Natural foci diseases refer to diseases that exist for a long time under natural conditions, are prevalent among wild animals, and will infect humans under certain conditions.

　　Natural focus diseases are significantly affected by natural factors. Due to changes in the natural environment during the flood, including temperature, humidity, water level and habitat changes of vectors, the growth, reproduction and living habits of pathogens, infectious sources, vectors and hosts are affected; On the other hand, during the natural disasters, the poor living conditions, malnutrition and psychological depression of the people in the disaster area, which reduce the body's resistance to disease and damage the health and disease prevention measures in the disaster area, are likely to lead to the prevalence and outbreak of natural focus diseases. The natural focus infectious diseases that need to be prevented after the flood include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (epidemic hemorrhagic fever), leptospirosis, epidemic Japanese encephalitis, malaria, schistosomiasis, plague, anthrax, brucellosis, etc.

　　The following are the key points of flood disaster prevention and control.

　　cholera

　　Do not eat raw sea (water) products. The processing and storage containers of sea (water) products should be separated from the raw ones and cooked before eating. Seafood cleaners should wash their hands thoroughly before touching food and tableware; Don't drink raw water, only boiled water and qualified bottled water; Avoid big meals and leftovers; Don't urinate anywhere, especially in wells and rivers; Seek medical advice immediately in case of painless diarrhea and vomiting; Floors, containers, toilets, faucets, clothes and bedding contaminated by feces and vomitus shall be cleaned and disinfected. Engaged in catering services, garbage disposal, or the general population can timely take oral cholera vaccine according to the recommendation of professional institutions.

　　bacterial dysentery

　　Do not eat unwashed fruits and vegetables. Peel the fruits and vegetables and eat less cold dishes. Do not eat or eat less cooked meat and cold dishes; Eating raw garlic can help to improve prevention; Food shall be thoroughly cooked for processing; Wash hands before and after meals, before processing and food; Prevent food from being bitten by flies; Do not drink raw water, only boiled water and qualified bottled water.

　　Do not urinate systematically.

　　In case of environmental watery stool, loose stool, purulent stool, abdominal pain and tenesmus, seek medical advice immediately. Children with high fever or even convulsions should seek medical advice. Whether the exclusion method is toxic dysentery.

　　Typhoid and paratyphoid

　　Don't eat unwashed lettuce and fruit; Eat undercooked shellfish and other seafood.

　　It is prohibited to drink raw water, only boiling water, qualified bottled water; Wash hands before meals and food processing; Do not defecate anywhere.

　　At present, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are not typical.

　　If the fever lasts for more than 3 days, headache, inappetence, elimination of cold and other diseases, and there is a history of unclean food or raw and cold food, seek medical advice immediately. Engaged in catering and other services, fecal treatment, or the general population was vaccinated against typhoid fever as recommended by professional institutions.

　　Hepatitis A

　　Don't eat unwashed lettuce, and don't eat uncooked shellfish and other seafood.

　　It is prohibited to drink raw water, only boiled water and qualified bottled water; Wash hands before eating and processing food; Do not defecate anywhere.

　　Do not share water cups and other appliances, such as skin, eyes, sclera yellowing, nausea, greasy, loss of appetite and other digestive symptoms, and seek medical advice immediately.

　　The general population engaged in catering services, waste and fecal disposal, or receiving hepatitis A vaccine according to the recommendations of professional institutions.

　　Hand foot mouth disease

　　Wash your hands frequently with water and soap, especially before touching the mouth and nose, eating or handling food, after going to the toilet, when your hands are contaminated with blisters or respiratory secretions, after changing diapers for infants, and after handling contaminated items.

　　Clean and disinfect daily utensils, appliances, objects or surfaces (such as furniture, toys and shared goods) and objects contaminated by secretions, vomit and feces. Try not to share towels or other personal items.

　　Adults should change their clothes and wash their hands before coming home from contact with infants, and should not feed infants and young people chewing food; Avoid close contact with patients, such as playing and kissing. Try not to go to crowded public places to reduce the chance of infection.

　　Indoor ventilation in family or kindergarten.

　　According to the recommendations of professionals, children under three years old can receive enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine injection to reduce the number of cases of enterovirus 71 infection, as well as serious diseases and deaths caused thereby.

　　food poisoning

　　The food should be thoroughly cooked and handled separately from raw and cooked food. The utensils should be cleaned and disinfected. Wash your hands before eating;

　　Do not eat food that has gone bad or been soaked by flood; Do not eat livestock or aquatic products that die of disease; Do not eat leftover food;

　　Do not eat cold or raw food; Food should not be purchased from stall households without hygiene permits; Do not eat moldy food;

　　Wild mushrooms should not be picked for food. Avoid abusing industrial salt as edible salt. Food should be stored in a dry and cold place, not easily polluted by rodents, flies and cockroaches, and prevent rodents from polluting food. Large meals should be avoided or reduced during flooding and recession.

　　Water related diseases

　　Do not drink raw water, but only boiled water or bottled water or barreled water that meets the health service standards; The water containers must be kept clean and emptied and cleaned frequently;

　　The temporary drinking well water, river water, lake water and pond water must be fully disinfected;

　　The water with large turbidity and serious pollution must be clarified with alum before being disinfected;

　　Drinking water and disinfectants (bleaching tablets, disinfection effervescent tablets) must be stored in a dry, cool place away from light (such as tightening the bottle cap with a brown bottle).

　　If the tap water pipe or faucet is found to be polluted, make full use of the cleaning system pipeline after the water is drained. If the faucet has no surface, it can be wiped and disinfected with chlorine containing disinfectant. Centralized technical water supply shall be strictly disinfected according to the design specifications, and the residual chlorine in the end water must meet our national safety standards.

　　Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

　　Keep hands clean.

　　Don't rub your eyes with your hands, especially your dirty hands.

　　Towels and wash basins should be used separately. If it is necessary to share the basin with patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (commonly known as loose eyes), let healthy people use it first. After use, wash the basin with soap, and sterilize it with commonly used disinfectants. Alcohol disinfectants should not be used, but chlorine disinfectants should be used.

　　Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

　　Do a good job of hygiene and self-protection, such as ensuring that there are no rodents in the family and workplace;

　　Keep grain and food properly to prevent rodent pollution; Properly protect the area polluted by rat urine and feces, and wear rubber or plastic gloves.

　　wear a mask Take anti rat measures to prevent rats from entering the room; Measures such as manual compaction of rat nests shall not be taken.

　　Leptospirosis

　　July September is the high incidence season of leptospirosis, and the epidemic area is the high incidence area of leptospirosis.

　　In the flood season, people have more opportunities to contact with the infected water, increase the risk of disease, and the number of patients may increase in the flood season.

　　The affected areas should avoid contacting with polluted water, raising pigs and other livestock in pens, actively cooperate with the government to carry out patriotic health campaigns such as rat killing, and seek medical advice immediately in case of symptoms.

　　Flood fighting personnel and rice farmers may be vaccinated or take preventive drugs as needed.

　　anthrax

　　Anthrax natural foci are widely distributed, and anthrax cases occur from time to time.

　　July to September is the high incidence season of anthrax.

　　Flood is a risk factor for anthrax outbreak in animals, and there is a risk of anthrax outbreak in some areas of the epidemic area.

　　Therefore, in order to prevent anthrax, the most important measure for the people in the disaster area is not to contact the sick and dead animals. In case of sudden death of animals such as cattle and sheep, the "three don'ts" should be implemented, that is, not to kill, eat, or buy or sell, and immediately report to the local farming and animal husbandry department for handling.

　　Once you find yourself or someone around you with anthrax symptoms, you should immediately report to the local health center or disease prevention and control agency, and seek medical advice in a timely manner.

　　Pay attention to the purchase of beef and mutton products from formal channels, and do not purchase the meat of sick or dead animals or unknown origin.

　　Brucellosis

　　People in contact with sick sheep, cattle and other livestock should wear gloves, masks and waterproof aprons.

　　Do not drink raw milk or eat undercooked meat.

　　Patients in the acute stage of brucellosis mainly show fever, fatigue, hyperhidrosis, muscle and joint pain, and obvious enlargement of liver, spleen and lymph nodes. If some symptoms of brucellosis are suspected, medical treatment should be improved as soon as possible. Delays and treatment can lead to chronic disease, causing greater harm to the body.

　　schistosomiasis

　　1. Pay attention to the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the disaster area.

　　Schistosomiasis is mainly prevalent in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces. Foreign flood rescue workers should be particularly alert to whether there is a schistosomiasis epidemic in the local area, consult local residents or disease prevention and control institutions, understand the local schistosomiasis epidemic situation, and know whether there is a schistosomiasis area around during the flood.

　　2. Watch out for water.

　　In schistosomiasis endemic areas and areas likely to be infected with schistosomiasis, direct drinking of raw water, boiled water, bottled water and bottled water meeting hygienic standards are prohibited.

　　Hand washing, washing and other household water should be disinfected. 0.5 g bleach or 1 g bleach should be added to every 50 kg of drinking water.

　　3. Avoid contact with contaminated water.

　　It is prohibited to swim, play, wash hands and clothes in the natural water body of the epidemic area, and avoid contacting the infected water body or the water body with snails.

　　4. For personal safety.

　　If contact with infected water is necessary, apply protective ointment to parts of the body that may be exposed to infected water.

　　If the contact with the infected water lasts longer than the effective time of the medicine in the ointment, the medicine should be reapplied. On the premise of preventing heatstroke, you can wear impermeable rubber boots, pants, gloves and other protective equipment.

　　5. Actively learn to accept schistosome infection test.

　　If adequate protective technical measures are not taken in time when contacting the epidemic water, especially for relief workers from other places, they should take the initiative to go to the schistosomiasis control department to check for schistosomiasis, and should be treated early if they are found infected.

　　6. Go to the doctor in time if you have symptoms.

　　In case of fever, diarrhea, fatigue and other symptoms after contact with water, seek the help of a doctor as soon as possible, actively inform the doctor of the recent contact with water in the schistosomiasis endemic area, and diagnose and treat as soon as possible.

　　7. Niclosamide can be used to kill cercariae and snails in small water areas and grasslands near the temporary shelters where snails are distributed.

　　The spraying amount is 2~3g/m2. and the soaking amount is 2~3g/m3.

　　8. Strengthen livestock and dung management. During the flood period, cattle, sheep and other livestock shall be kept in captivity as much as possible, and snails are prohibited from grazing in this area.

　　Collect human and animal excrements as soon as possible and conduct unified harmless treatment to prevent them from flowing into the water.

　　malaria

　　1. Strengthen epidemic situation monitoring, establish epidemic situation monitoring points, timely and accurately grasp the epidemic situation, analyze the trend, make predictions, and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control countermeasures.

　　2. Strengthen the self fever and blood test of patients, timely study and find the main source of infection, standardize the treatment of patients with current disease, timely and effectively carry out the treatment of epidemic spots, and prevent the accumulation and spread of infectious sources.

　　3. Implement vector control measures, and carry out indoor residual spraying of pyrethroid in disaster areas and living quarters with high malaria incidence and mosquito vector density.

　　4. Soak mosquito nets or long-lasting mosquito nets with mosquito repellent incense or insecticide, and install screen doors and windows in houses where conditions permit.

　　It is recommended to wear long sleeved trousers, spray tincture, cream, liquid and other insect repellents on exposed skin, change sleeping habits and other personal protective measures, and reduce mosquito bites.

　　5. Carry out patriotic health campaigns, remove weeds and sludge, fill up potholes, improve environmental sanitation, and reduce and eliminate mosquito breeding grounds.

　　6. Carry out health education on malaria prevention, and improve the self-protection awareness and ability of people in disaster areas.

Shandong Zhushi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., founded in 2003, has more than 5000 registered employees. After years of development, it has developed into a diversified industrial cluster integrating medical devices, polymers, cosmetics, health food, daily necessities and biological reagent production, enterprise management consulting and training, real estate economy, pharmaceutical transportation, pharmaceutical printing, etc.

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