Why is diet forbidden before operation?

The day before the traditional operation, the doctor always tells the patient not to eat the next morning. Why do we need to fast the patient before the operation?

Anesthesia should be carried out for the patients during the operation. First, it can make the patients pain free, and second, it is conducive to the smooth operation.

Anaesthesia can cause changes in the functions of respiratory, digestive and circulatory systems. Dysfunction of digestive system is easy to cause nausea and vomiting. When the consciousness of general anesthesia patients disappears, smooth muscle gastrointestinal relaxation, gastrointestinal food is easy to return. After anesthesia, the cartilage above the throat and pharynx of patients is loose, and reflux is most likely to enter the airways, causing airway obstruction, lung tissue inflammation, etc.

These conditions may lead to the decline of lung function. In addition to changes in respiratory and circulatory functions, patients are likely to develop respiratory dysfunction or cardiac arrest.

During lumbar spinal anesthesia or epidural anesthesia, although the patient is conscious, if the anesthesia level is too high, the blood pressure will drop, and when the blood supply to the brain is insufficient, nausea and vomiting will also occur.

In abdominal surgery, gastrointestinal tract traction is easy to cause nausea and vomiting. If you do not fast, it will affect the surgery and aggravate gastrointestinal symptoms.

Therefore, when performing abdominal surgery, some patients should perform cleaning enema or take laxatives to clean the intestines and stomach in addition to fasting.

It is particularly important for children to fast before surgery, because children's digestive function is weaker than that of adults, and food stays in the gastrointestinal tract for a long time. Traction during surgery may easily lead to food reflux in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to inhalation pneumonia, or even asphyxia.

Therefore, generally adults are forbidden to eat for 12 hours and drink for 4 hours before operation to ensure gastric emptying.

Children should be deprived of food (milk) for 4~8 hours and water for 2~3 hours before operation.

If the emergency patient is full of stomach but needs surgery urgently, conscious tracheal intubation can be considered when general anesthesia is needed, which is conducive to avoiding or reducing vomiting and aspiration.

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