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How to deal with the obstruction of foreign bodies in the trachea? Please remember the "Heimlich First Aid" jingle

release time:2022-01-06|reading:

How to deal with the obstruction of foreign bodies in the trachea? Please remember the "Heimlich First Aid" jingle

气管内异物阻塞的情况如何处理?请记住“海姆立克急救”顺口溜

"Scissors, stones and cloth" not only refers to the games we played as children, but also a way to save lives.


"Scissors -- two fingers on the belly button;


Stone -- hold your fist until it stops on two fingers;


Cloth -- wrap the "stone" with one hand and hit it back and forth five times quickly until the patient vomits something


This is Heimlich first aid (quick abdominal compression).


Heimlich operation method is a three-step emergency first-aid method invented by Mr. Heimlich, an American doctor.


In 1974, Dr. Heimlich used it for the first time to save a patient suffering from food suffocation. Since then, it has been widely used all over the world, known as the "embrace of life".


Mastering this method can save a life in a few seconds.


This is a simple action used to push food or other foreign objects out of the airway by increasing the pressure on the abdomen and chest when suffocating.


If the air pipe is blocked by foreign matters, the specific measures are as follows


1.Determine whether it is really suffocating.


Asphyxiated people usually put their hands around their necks, or struggle desperately, and their expressions will be very panic.


The airway is completely blocked (no air enters their lungs), so they cannot breathe or speak.


The causes of asphyxia mainly include food, external trauma or respiratory edema caused by severe allergic reaction inside.


2. Keep the suffocating person standing.


If the asphyxiated person is too heavy, or in a limited space like an airplane, he can also sit up, as long as there is enough space for action.


3. Before using Heimlich first aid to the asphyxiated person, hit the back with one hand between the shoulder blades of the asphyxiated person.


If there is no improvement, start rapid abdominal compression immediately.


But be careful not to hit the back of a person with only partial airway obstruction, as this may make the obstruction deeper.


4. Stand behind the asphyxiant.


If the asphyxiated person faints or loses consciousness, separate his legs to form a tripod.


Surround the asphyxiated person from behind, put your hand on the abdomen (stomach) of the asphyxiated person from behind, use your dominant hand for the first time (the dominant hand in daily life and work, most people's dominant hand is the right hand), the fist whose thumb should be closed, and this fist is placed above the belly button of the asphyxiated person and below the sternum;


Hold the dominant hand with the other hand and make sure the rescuer's thumb is far away from the asphyxiated person to avoid injury.

Implement Heimlich first aid method


Press inward and upward, quickly press the abdomen of the asphyxiated person with great force.


The action process is similar to "J" - inward and upward.


Squeezing should develop rapidly and forcefully, as if you want to pull the asphyxiant off the ground.


Perform 5 abdominal compressions quickly and continuously.


Repeat this operation until the foreign matter is discharged.


If the first aid is effective, the asphyxiated person will cough up the obstruction in the airway.


If the foreign body is not successfully discharged, call for help immediately.


If the person is unconscious, stop pressing.


Call the emergency number for emergency help.


If possible, let others do it to save time.


Clean the airway of the asphyxiated person (check the mouth to see if any visible foreign matter can be removed) and perform artificial respiration or chest compression (CPR).


Keep taking care of the asphyxiated person.


Asphyxia will endanger life, and the asphyxiated person may die at any time. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed and make efforts to increase their chances of rescue.


Find different first aid methods according to different situations


Saving the baby


Place the baby face up on a hard surface. The rescuer kneels on the baby's feet or stands on the baby's feet, or sits on a chair with the baby face out on the knee and keeps it in an appropriate position.


Place the index finger and middle finger of both hands on the baby's upper abdomen (under the rib arch and above the navel), and press them up quickly with your fingers, but gently repeat until the object causing asphyxia is expelled.


Self rescue


1.Make a fist with one hand, and press the side of thumb on the abdomen (below the rib arch and above the belly button).


Grasp the clenched hand with the other hand and quickly squeeze upward.


Repeat this procedure until the obstruction is removed.


2. Rely on a fixed horizontal object (such as the edge of the table, chair, arm rest, etc.), use the edge of the object to exert pressure on the upper abdomen, produce a strong upward impact, and repeatedly compress until the object causes suffocation and discharge.


Rescuing those who have lost consciousness


Make the person to be saved lie flat, face the person to be saved, and bend your knees and ride on the hip of the person to be saved.


The hands shall be overlapped, the root of the palm shall be placed on the upper abdomen of the rescued person, and the weight of the body can be used to quickly squeeze the abdomen of the rescued person, and repeat until the suffocated object is finally discharged.


What about cardiac arrest? Use "external chest compression" to recover


Extrathoracic cardiac compression is an important out of hospital rescue method, which can help those without cardiac arrest to recover their normal heart rate.


The following are common precautions when applying this method to patients with cardiac arrest:


1.Pressing time


When the effective blood pumping function and circulation of the heart suddenly stop, external chest compression should be carried out as soon as possible.


During cardiac arrest, although the heart loses its ability to pump blood effectively, it does not stop ECG and cardiac activity completely.


2. Patient position


The patient lies on his back in a hard bed or on the ground.


If it is a soft bed, put a board under it to ensure effective pressing.


Pressing on the soft board greatly reduces the pressing effect.


But don't delay the rescue in order to find the plank.


During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, loosen the patient's coat button and belt.


The patient's head should be properly lowered to avoid vomit and air return when pressing, and also prevent the head from being higher than the heart level and affecting blood flow.


3. Body position of rescuer


The rescuer should be close to the side of the patient's chest. In order to ensure that the force acts vertically on the sternum when pressing, the rescuer can use different positions such as kneeling or using a footstool according to the height of the patient's position.


4. The pressing position should be accurate


The compression site is located at 1/3 of the substernal junction or the midpoint of the double papillary junction.


Too low position: it may damage abdominal organs or cause reflux of gastric contents.


Too high position: may damage large blood vessels; Because there are important blood vessels behind the sternum, such as the aortic arch.

The position is not in the midline: it may cause rib fracture, rib and costal cartilage detachment, hemopneumothorax and other complications.


5. Uniform according to pressure


According to the latest guidelines, adults can press 5-6cm deep.


The pressing time frequency is 100-120 times/minute.


The pressing should be rhythmic, and the frequency should not be fast or slow.


At the same time, do not press hard. It is not uncommon to press the rib "Pa".


6. Press correctly


Pay attention to the elbow extension, the shoulder is directly above the hand, and cannot lean to one side or left or right;


Fingers should not be pressed on the patient's chest. The rescuer will not increase the pressure when loosening the compression space, so that the chest wall will fully rebound.


However, the root of the palm is still placed in the middle and lower part of the sternum and does not leave the chest wall to avoid displacement.


7. Artificial respiration


Cardiac compression must be combined with artificial respiration.


Before airway establishment, whether single or double CPR, pressing: ventilation demand is 30:2.


8. Close observation


When pressing, closely observe the condition, reaction and facial color change to judge the effect.


The effective indicators of extrathoracic cardiac compression include:


① Carotid pulsation and brachial artery systolic pressure ≥ 60 mmhg can be touched during compression;


② The patient's face color, lips, nails and skin turned red again;


③ The patient's pupil dilated and became smaller again;


④ Spontaneous respiration occurs;


⑤ Consciousness gradually recovers, and eye movements, eyelash reflexes and light reflexes can appear, even hand and foot twitches, and muscle tension increases.


Shandong Zhushi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., founded in 2003, has more than 5000 registered employees. After years of development, it has developed into a diversified industrial cluster integrating medical devices, polymers, cosmetics, health food, daily necessities and biological reagent production, enterprise management consulting and training, real estate economy, pharmaceutical transportation, pharmaceutical printing, etc.


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